Jumat, 20 Mei 2016

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES

CHAPTER I
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English.
1)      Active form
In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
Formula :  
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Examples:
Tense
Active
Simple Present
Once a week, Tom cleans the house.
Present Continuous
Right now, Sarah is writing the letter.
Simple Past
Sam repaired the car.
Past Continuous
The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.
Present Perfect
Many tourists have visited that castle.
Present Perfect Continuous
Recently, John has been doing the work.
Past Perfect
George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.
Past Perfect Continuous
Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris.
Simple Future
will
Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM.
Simple Future
be going to 
Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.
Future Continuous
will
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes.
Future Continuous
be going to
At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes.
Future Perfect
will
They will have completed the project before the deadline.
Future Perfect
be going to
They are going to have completed the project before the deadline.
Future Perfect Continuous
will
The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
Future Perfect Continuous
be going to
The famous artist is going to have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
Used to
Jerry used to pay the bills.
Would Always
My mother would always make the pies.
Future in the Past
Would
I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM.
Future in the Past
Was Going to
I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.


2)      Passive forms
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
Formula :
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

Here is a table showing the passive forms for most English verbs:
Tense
Passive
Example
present simple
am/are/is + past participle
He is taken to school by his mum.
present continuous
am/are/is being + past participle
They are being bullied.
present perfect
have/has been + past participle
Have you been interviewed for many jobs?
past simple
was/were + past participle
We were told not to touch anything.
past continuous
was/were being + past participle
Our computers were being attacked by hackers.
past perfect
had been + past participle
His mother had been brought up in India.
future
will be + past participle
Arrangements will be made to move them to other locations.
future perfect
will have been + past participle
All the merchandise will have been shipped by tomorrow.

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